stevens t mason

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One-hundred and seventy-five years ago, Michigan won a battle for statehood that had plunged us into war with Ohio for the disputed Toledo strip, riled up Congress and caused President Jackson to remove our Governor-elect Stevens T. Mason from office.

Here is the post I always share on this occasion, although of course you will note I wrote it in 2010. Capitol Park has since been redeveloped; Stevens T. Mason has been peacefully re-interred (after a brief scare over his missing remains).

Other items you may enjoy:

The story of how Michigan’s founding documents became part of the state archives

I love this Michigan centennial stamp — it commemorates the 1835 ratification of our constitution and the opening shots in our battle for statehood rather than the official (and less exciting) admission to the Union in 1837. Via michigan.gov:

How about a 175th anniversary chocolate cake? (Props to Vintage Mitten for posting a similar recipe on Facebook)

And this Message of the Acting Governor, Stevens T. Mason, to the Legislative Council, August 17, 1835 — in the heat of the war with Ohio, and right before Jackson had Mason removed — is worthy browsing for today.

How is the observance of Michigan to be compelled by the United States? Is it at the point of a bayonet? I can see no other course.

Happy birthday, beautiful Michigan!

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Who’s celebrating his bicentennial tomorrow?

THIS GUY!

Stevens Thomson Mason is one of my all-time favorite characters from Detroit history. Determined! Dreamy! Stubborn! Stylish! Triumphant! Tragic! The boy governor had it all.

This time last year we were re-interring Stevens T. Mason for the FOURTH time. Buried first in New York City after his death in 1843, his remains were moved to Detroit with great fanfare in 1905, then disinterred and moved across the park during a bus station improvement project, then lost, and found again, in 2010 during Capitol Park’s renovation. Here is what I wrote about him in the closing chapter of my book:

Every time Detroit feels young again, we turn to the Boy Governor. Just nineteen when President Andrew Jackson appointed him secretary of the Michigan Territory and only twenty-five when he became acting governor, Stevens Thomson Mason is a handsome touchstone for anyone in a youthful, voracious mood. And he was the perfect first governor for a capital city perpetually on the brink of a massive shift.

Every generation dredges up his memory. Most generations have also dredged up his casket.

Please enjoy these posts about Stevens T. Mason as a celebration of America’s youngest-ever (and studliest-ever? And certainly most frequently unearthed) Governor.

Settlers beware (June 10, 2011)

Scenes from Stevens T. Masons Reburial (October 28, 2010)

Walking with Stevens T. Mason to Capitol Park (June 30, 2010)

173 Years of Michigan Statehood (Jan. 26, 2010)

You might also want to join the Michigan Historical Commission and the Detroit Recreation Department at Capitol Park tomorrow —that is Thursday, 10/27, at 12:00 p.m. — for a 200th birthday bash. The commission will unveil a new state historical marker at the site. More info at boyguv.com!

See you there!

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[Pioneers along the Detroit-Chicago Road, Roy C. Gamble. Source.]

This week in the news: Americans for Prosperity posted dastardly fake eviction notices on Delray homes to “get people’s attention” about the new public bridge to Canada. Scum move, dudes.

In 1837, the Whig campaign against Governor Mason’s re-election did the same thing to try to rile up settlers all over the state into voting for their fella, former Detroit Mayor C.C. Trowbridge.

Vote Trowbridge; keep your house. Vote Mason; YOU’RE MOVING TO DETROIT! Fear-mongering at its finest.

SETTLERS BEWARE!

Conrad Ten Eyck, U.S. Marshal, left Detroit yesterday for the Grand River Country for the pretended object of electioneering for Stevens T. Mason. It is well known here that his real object is to arrest the Settlers on the Government lands. Be on your guard, he has a large lot of blank capias* and after the election every Settler will be brought to Detroit.

Daniel Goodwin Esq., U.S. District Attorney, was seen on Saturday several times with Ten Eyck. Some forty or fifty persons have already been arrested by Mr. Titus, one of Ten Eyck’s deputys!

Gov. Mason has no doubt been advised by Ten Eyck of this movement. Settlers, are you willing to be dragged from your homes and brought three hundred miles at this season? If you are not, Beware — beware of Conrad Ten Eyck, U.S. Marshal, and Silas Titus, his deputy.

Ten Eyck is the same man who has tried to rob the state of $13,000 for the passage of the rail-road across his farm. If Trowbridge is elected he cannot get it. He will dupe you and then arrest you. Mark him well.

Detroit, Oct. 30, 1837

*Arrest warrants

(Source.)

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James Monroe: the first President to visit Detroit. Also: last President to wear the old Revolutionary tri-corner.

Unanticipated intelligence was received, about 8 A.M., that President Monroe, with Governor Cass and Generals Brown and Macomb with their suites, were at the mouth of the river, and would be within three miles of the city at ten o’clock. A meeting of citizens was immediately called … to make suitable arrangements for a reception. At ten o’clock a large number of citizens, in carriages, on horseback, and on foot, collected at Springwell’s and proceeded to the river Ecorce, where the presidential party had arrived in barges from the vessel.

… At night the city was illuminated – the bill for which, paid to Abraham Edwards by order of the Common Council, amounted to the sum of $23.26; the vessels in the harbor were tastefully decorated with lights, and there was a display of fireworks.

… He remained in Detroit five days, during which time he received many testimonials of regard, among which was the gift of a carriage and span of horses, presented by the city.

– Silas Farmer on Detroit’s first Presidential visit in 1817

Andrew Jackson: In 1835, he removed Stevens T. Mason, territorial Governor, from office, trying to avoid a conflagration with Ohio.

What a jerk.

George Washington: There’s a statue of him (as Master Mason no less) in front of Mariner’s Church. On the Riverfront we also have a bust of Abraham Lincoln, which I did not know until I read this post from One More Spoke.

Lewis Cass: Never President. Ran as Democratic Party’s nominee in 1848. Lost to Zachary Taylor, future namesake of Taylor, Michigan.

Happy President’s Day!

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A small crowd gathered in Capitol Park yesterday to honor Stevens T. Mason, Michigan’s first and America’s youngest governor, who was reburied in a crypt there after his remains were temporarily removed during the Park’s restoration.

It was also Governor Mason’s 199th birthday.

A swoop of pigeons was circling, distracting the attention of several photographers.

Before the ceremony started, Eno (who told me earlier this week to keep an eye out for a guy that looked like Hazen Pingree) passed out “I Dig Boy Gov” shirts. They are fantastic. You will want one and I will let you know when they are on sale.

Don Faber, author of The Toledo War, gave a captivating speech about Young Hotspur (a name bestowed upon Mason, Faber said, by President Jackson. President Jackson, you’ll remember, had Governor Mason forcibly removed from office during the Toledo War). The “right man at the right time for Michigan,” Faber said, Mason was “like a comet.”

(You can hear a lengthy excerpt from Faber’s speech, edited over some footage from the internment ceremony, at The Detroit News website.)

Kerri Chartkoff, the Michigan Capitol historian, spoke about the first time Stevens T. Mason was buried in Michigan, in 1905 (he had originally been buried in New York when he died of pneumonia in 1843). Governor Fred Warner greeted the train. Thousands of people crowded the sidewalks along the processional and thronged the memorial ceremony in Capitol Park.

Dan Janssen of the Detroit Historical Society discussed Governor Mason’s far less grand disinterment in the 1950s, when Mason’s remains made way for a transit station. Whether Governor Mason should be kept in Detroit at all was a matter of debate, although he was ultimately restored to his crypt in Capitol Park.

Janssen described a Detroit that perceived its thundering march toward progress as somehow at odds with its past. In some ways, this seemed the timeliest lesson of the day: a community can stand on its history (300-odd years, Detroiters!) and use that momentum to move forward.

That’s why the Michigan Historical Society recruited a contingent of young Detroit leaders to serve as the Governor’s honorary pallbearers, including Sandra Yu of Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice and Phil Cooley of Slows Bar-B-Q, who was just profiled in The New York Times (to some chagrin from people who, although they love Phil, and of course Slows, wonder if NYT knows that there are restaurants in Detroit that are not Slows and interesting people who live here who are not Phil. Still, I found myself enjoying the gentle absurdity that one of Phil’s many town-trotting events included, on this day, being a pallbearer for Stevens T. Mason. OF COURSE).

An honor guard did the physical honors of delivering the Governor to rest.

Governor Mason’s metal coffin was placed in an above-ground crypt beneath a life-size bronze statue that had been spruced up for the park’s re-opening. One wonders if there was a problem removing the graffiti tags, however, on the concrete memorial slab.

But we trifle. It was a pitch-perfect ceremony on a clear October day, and the crowd was quiet and, if I may project, a little bit awed. I was.

Maybe I am just sentimental, but it felt wonderful to witness this peculiar occasion in city history first-hand. Even if Governor Mason is doomed to be disinterred and re-interred once a generation, but that’s still a rare moment in a lifetime.

So rest in peace, Governor Mason. And here’s hoping that you enjoy a longer stay where you are.

Thanks for everything,

The Night Train

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How many opportunities do you have in a lifetime to attend the solemn rite of governor’s burial?

How many of those opportunities involve a governor who died 167 years ago?

A governor that fought to found your state?

The youngest governor ever?

A governor whose nickname was Young Hotspur?

You see where we’re going with this. And yes, your answer to these hypothetical questions could reasonably be, “Pretty good, actually, but thanks,” considering how many times the Boy Governor Stevens T. Mason has been buried since his death in 1843 (we count four). Most recently, his remains were disinterred during the renovation of Capitol Park, and they’ll be put to rest yet again this Wednesday, October 27, at 1:00 pm.

Clearly, we would not miss this for the world. Feel free to take the afternoon off and join us.

More information available at boyguv.com.

We wrote about Stevens T. Mason and Capitol Park a few months ago, when it briefly looked like he was lost. Remember that?

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Yesterday, of course, the world was rocked by the announcement that Boy Governor Stevens T. Mason‘s remains, originally presumed to be — well, you know, in his grave — were MIA. The situation grew stranger by the hour as reports surfaced that no one even knew if they were looking for a coffin or an urn or what, despite the fact that Mason was disinterred (to make way for a bus station) and then laid back to rest in 1955. The same funeral home that is exhuming him now did that job and yesterday they were all like, “Oh, yeah, well, we don’t have any of those records. Who knows.”

To the collective relief of a frantic and confused nation, Mason’s crypt and casket were found a couple of hours later, about four feet away from where everyone thought they were. MY GOODNESS. This current disinterment is poor Governor Mason’s third — after his death from pneumonia in 1843, he was buried in New York, then dug up and sent back to Detroit with his 92-year-old (living) sister in 1905. So maybe the poor dude was just trying to make himself scarce.

As an expression of our great joy that this all turned out A-OKAY, your friends aboard the Night Train want to share this lovely work of prose with you about the dapper, darling Stevens T. Mason — Michigan’s first, and America’s youngest, governor — taking one of his first strolls around Detroit, happening ultimately upon what is now Capitol Park — his (sort of) final resting place. It’s probably imaginary, but we’re cool with that:

Arrayed in his skin-tight black broadcloth trousers and flowing cloak, jauntily gesturing with an ebony walking stick, Tom Mason sallied forth to explore the town. From the Mansion House he could see nothing on the downriver side but a spreading log citadel and an open farm. The Mansion House happened to be on the extreme western edge of town, at Jefferson Avenue and Cass Street. Sauntering down Jefferson Avenue and observing with satisfaction how people stared at him, he passed rows of cluttered store windows and presently arrived at Woodward Avenue. Three blocks. He saw a huge street, astonishingly wide, cutting the town in two and running straight back from the river toward the distant forest. To his right, still in the middle of lower Woodward, was the ignoble French Market and its rabble of gesticulating French habitants. He continued onward.

Three more blocks eastward on Jefferson, and he was staring at a tumble-down gate in an old pike-pole wall. This, then, was the eastern edge of town. It was just six blocks wide on the river, a compressed slice of city sandwiched between spreading farms … From the river the town marched solidly, row upon row of one- and two-story white frame stores and homes, as far as Congress — four blocks. There it stopped.

…  In 1828 the Council was seriously crticized for allowing the Territorial capitol building to be built so far out in the commons that it was far remote from the town and required a long, exhausting walk to get there. There was no road to it, nothing but a pathway continuing where Griswold Street gave up its wrestle with the mud at Congress. It was a good half-mile from downtown.

By the way: until reading this, I’d never made the connection that Capitol Park was where the capitol was. Whoa.

Writing about Capitol Park in 1947, the author continues:

… Hardly anyone in modern Detroit ever heard of such a place. It is a triangular little space at the head of Griswold, a block uptown from Michigan, crisscrossed with wide concrete sidewalks and boasting a couple of conspicuous comfort-station signs. Sunshine rarely reaches it; the towering cliffs of tremendous buildings hide it from all but historical researchers and people who are looking for parking places. How it could have been regarded, a century ago, as remote from the city of Detroit is utterly incomprehensible to today’s Detroiters. Those who can find it realize that the point is in the heart of the sprawling metropolis. Tom Mason and his father, John T., frequently waded in mud over their ankles and exhausted themselves trying to walk there from the town.

-Kent Sagendorph, from Stevens T. Mason: Misunderstood Patriot, 1947.

I’ve just started browsing it tonight, but gosh, I love this book. Here’s a bonus: Let’s study with Stevens T. Mason, just returning home from the general store where he apparently spent most of his time lifting heavy things and getting ripped:
He walked the two miles home, flung his homespun jacket across a chair, took a flickering tallow candle and sat down at a table. In the dim yellow light, wavering and dancing before his eyes, he studied. He kept us his classwork as carefully as if he had to recite all those lessons the next day. He wrote comments in the margins of his father’s and grandfather’s works on philosophy. They are preserved to this day, and readable. One says: “This is silly!” The passage, in Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations, is the famous dictum holding that any nation’s economic resources can be exceeded by the spending of tyrants.

Dear Adam Smith,

Whatever.

Yours,

Stevens T. Mason

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Have you visited dia.org since they revamped their website? I wouldn’t normally ask, but browsing their collection is a lot easier and more fun to explore. You can zoom around artworks with little magnifiying glass tool! I like it. You should check it out, if you’re into that sort of thing.

Here’s what brings this up:

A while ago I wrote about my (so far fruitless) search for a Thomas Mickell Burnham painting of the burning steamboat Great Western. Burnham, you might remember, is responsible for this painting of the Michigan’s first state election, held in Detroit in 1837. It’s on exhibit in the DIA’s American Art galleries, and as a document of city history, it’s pretty fantastic.

You might also have read a short post I wrote about Michigan Gardens, the wild and wide-eyed entertainment complex created by Colonel David McKinstry, with its bathhouse, menagerie, museum of curiosities and visiting circus.

So I just learned that General Friend Palmer (you know I love him) was a Gardens patron:

The museum … contained many rare and curious objects, among which were three Egyptian mummies, a fine collection of wax figures, also a variety of beautiful and rare specimens of birds, beasts, minerals, shells, etc; with many interesting curiosities in nature and art. There were many splendid cosmoramic views, and in the evening phantasmagora and phantascopal illusions were exhibited. The museum was quite popular and a source of considerable revenue to the colonel.

Dramatic exhibitions of a light vaudeville character were given in the fourth story, and laughing gas was also administered to those who desired it. This giving of laughing gas was somewhat dangerous to the operator and to spectators as well. A partition extending from the floor to ceiling hemmed in the partaker of the gas from outsiders. Many funny incidents occurred connected with this pastime. While under its influence, the partaker usually acted out his peculiarities or proclivities, laughing boisterously, dancing, boxing with an imaginary foe, declaiming, etc. It was quite a feature and always attracted a large crowd.

Well, of course it did.

Of Colonel McKinstry, Palmer writes:

[He] was indeed a man of  many parts, enterprising, public spirited and somewhat of a Bohemian. He was tall and heavily built, rather abrupt in manner and speech, yet of a warm, genial disposition which made him quite popular. He was fond of parade and show, was either a major or colonel in the militia —anyway, everyone used to call him colonel.

… His success in most every venture led someone to call him “Silver Heels,” a name that stuck to him through life. A fair representation of the colonel is given in the picture painted by Thomas Burnham entitled “Election Day at the Old City Hall,” when Stevens T. Mason ran for governor against C. C. Trowbridge.

I love when separate delights intersect like this.

Ready to meet Col. David McKinstry? Here he is:

BEAVER HAT! CANE! OPEN SHIRT COLLAR! I’m smitten.

I guess the General witnessed this first state Election Day first-hand; he would have been seventeen.  He shares the words of another writer on the occasion of Michigan’s first gubernatorial contest:

The season had been wet and Woodward and Jefferson Avenues were about half a leg deep in mud porridge. Yet a grand Democratic procession was organized to pass through it. Mr. Stilson was the grand marshal. He rode a horse which was completely covered with a cloth of gold, and he himself was decorated with all the glories of a Grand Legion of Honor. And the way he rode at the head of the column was like Mars on the Captoline Jupiter. A small schooner, fully rigged and manned, and mounted on wheels, and drawn by six or eight horses, was an important feature in the line. And there Democracy marched to the music of the Union.

Here’s Mr. James Stilson, a prominent auctioneer (and according to the General, dog breeder, and megalomaniac), leading the procession:

IF ONLY MICHIGAN GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONS WERE STILL THIS EXCITING!

Many millions of thanks to the DIA for obligingly sending me the key to all of the people and buildings in this painting, although head-smackingly, if I had read an extra couple of chapters ahead in Palmer’s book, I would have found all of the information right there. It happens.

Speaking of Stevens T. Mason, how’s the Capitol Park project progressing? Anyone know? Are Mr. Mason’s bones reinterred yet? I want to spend some time with the Stripling.

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1835 michigan map

(From an 1835 atlas)

On January 26, 1837, nearly 150 years after the earliest known use of the name “Michigan” on a map, Michigan was officially admitted to the Union.

For a long time I had this confused, baseless idea that territories just sort of naturally, peacefully shook out into states, in rapid succession, during the first 50 years of the 19th century. I don’t know how that got into my head, but it’s wrong! And in Michigan, the story of the fight for statehood is amazing. Consider this:

In 1831, Stevens T. Mason — whose father John had been sent to the Michigan territory, then to Mexico, by President Andrew Jackson — succeeded his father as Secretary of the Territory at just 19 years old. When Lewis Cass left Michigan to serve as Jackson’s Secretary of War, Mason acted as Governor, even after Jackson appointed a new Governor, George Porter, who spent a lot of time away.

In 1832, a devastating spate of cholera broke out in Detroit, killed Father Gabriel Richard, and panicked everyone. The same year, Mason began a territorial census. Before its completion in 1834, another cholera epidemic wracked the city, killing nearly a seventh of Detroit’s population, including Governor Porter. Stevens T. Mason became Acting Governor — at age 22.

In September 1834, the finished census confirmed that the territory had a population of more than 87,000 — way over the minimum requirement for statehood. The Territorial Legislature asked Congress for permission to form a state legislature, but Ohio disputed the territorial borders, and Congress rejected the petition.

Thus began one of my favorite episodes in arcane Michigan history: The Toledo War.

Ohio passed legislation in 1835 asserting claims to the disputed Toledo strip and forming county governments within its borders. Mason responded with the Pains and Penalties Act, which made it a crime for Ohioans to govern within the strip. Both states called their militias to the border.

No life-threatening casualties were incurred during the conflict and parties disagreed on whether any shots were ever fired. The “war” was mostly scuffles between roving posses, citizen arrests and mutual harrassment. But President Jackson was really scared that Ohio and Michigan were on the brink of full-out war. So he had Mason, a famous hot-head, removed from office and replaced.

Luckily for statehood, nobody liked the new Governor, John “Little  Jack” Horner, who released war prisoners almost immediately, angering citizens who were already irked by Mason’s removal. Just a month after Horner took office, in October 1835, Michigan voters approved the state constitution and elected Mason governor.

Congress wouldn’t admit Michigan to the Union until it ceded Toledo to Ohio, and throughout 1836, Michigan rejected the President’s consolation — the Upper Peninsula. But the state was almost bankrupt, Governor Mason kept pushing, and finally, in December 1836, a convention in Ann Arbor approved the compromise. Statehood at last!

Good story, right?

Further reading:

Michigan Legislature’s Chronology of Michigan History

Message of the Acting Governor, Stevens T. Masons, to the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan: 1835

The Toledo War. Don Faber, University of Michigan Press, 2009

Stevens T. Mason is buried in Capitol Square Park in Detroit, currently undergoing redevelopment. He died in New York in 1843. In 1905, a commission, appointed by Governor Fred Warner, successfully oversaw the relocation of Mason’s remains:

“The Boy Governor Comes Home,” Bob Garrett. State of Michigan Archives, January 2010.

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