On Monday we came home from a long weekend in North Carolina, where cities and towns have pretty names that sound even prettier spoken in a come-hither Southern accent. Charlotte. Chapel Hill. Raleigh. We drove from Charlotte through red hills and mossy vales to a dairy and inn near Siler City, where a friend of mine from college married a kind and beautiful woman.

Since returning, I’ve been in a daze. My computer died; that hasn’t helped. I had a 24-hour flu and an 8-hour panic attack and that didn’t help either. I spent three hours working on a post that I ditched when I decided it wasn’t honest or even, you know, there.

But you know what? It’s August. There are weddings to attend, parks to nap in when you’re hungover. Up north is still there; there are many terrific ever-earlier sunsets to see. Patios are still open for business. Porch swings long for your company and the woods would like to see your face again.

For days after the wedding I felt full to bursting with love and happiness and that hazy summer feeling. Mosquitoes and bonfires and friends who’ve traveled long distances to be with each other. Crickets in the grass at dusk.

I want to really relish that for the next couple of weeks before getting all fall-wardrobe-serious and hitting the books to bring you more arcana from Detroit’s many-splendour’d past.

It’s also, tomorrow, one year to date since I moved back to Michigan on a wobbly express ferry from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It has bee nothing but the very best — one of the most whole, healing and love-filled years of my life. We’re celebrating this weekend and next with a houseful of visitors from Wisconsin and elsewhere, and so far Detroit has been grand and magnanimous to everyone.

So The Night Train is officially on hiatus through Labor Day. We’ll still be hanging around Facebook like we have nothing better to do. And we’d love if you’d write us an email and let me know if there’s anything you’re especially curious to read about in coming weeks.

Enjoy the rest of your summer, if indeed your summer is still in session. See you soon, cadets. (Maybe at Come Hear Belle Isle on Saturday?)

(Incredible photos from a Venetian Night party at the Detroit Yacht Club. Via Virtual Motor City.)

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In the early 1920s, my grandfather Isadore came to Detroit from what is now Belarus. My great-grandfather Yehuda was already here, building houses on the east side for the rapidly expanding community of other European immigrants settling at the boundaries the city.

Yehuda died in 1954. He was 86 years old. (If you want to skip the mental math, he was born in 1868. Time marches on.)

He’s buried at Workmen’s Circle.

I never would have known this had a reader not pointed out to me (at a really fun backyard party, after some champagne) that he’d noticed an out-of-place Orthodox Cemetery near Roseville, nestled between Wal-Mart and a Hampton Inn, or something. I forgot about it for a few days. (Thanks a lot, champagne.) Then I asked my dad where his parents were buried. He said they were at Beth El, at 6 Mile and Middlebelt, but that he thought his grandfather was somewhere around Mt. Clemens, at a Jewish Cemetery on Gratiot.

Let the games begin, right?

***

Detroit’s Jewish population in 1920 reached 35,000, a 10-year growth of almost 250%. In the city and all over the country, the climate was right for new congregations, new community organizations, new social clubs and new political movements.

Workmen’s Circle, a progressive Jewish fraternal organization dedicated to social justice and (at least today) a “big tent approach” to Jewish culture and community (see their website), was founded in New York in 1900. Rooted in the labor movement, progressive socialist politics and the Eastern European Jewish tradition, Workmen’s Circle was a big hit in Detroit. By 1917, the Detroit branch of Workmen’s Circle was the largest branch of the fraternity in North America and, by far, Detroit’s most popular Jewish organization. (See the Jewish Virtual Library’s entry on Detroit.)

Workmen’s Circle Cemetery was established in Clinton Township in 1919, with separate sections designated for member organizations, including several local congregations, Jewish lodges and friendship societies.

It’s one of the most distinctive (and well-kept!) cemeteries I have ever seen. Many of the burial sections have their own signs and gateways:

The search for my great-grandfather had barely begun when I found the Irwin I. Cohn Michigan Jewish Cemetery Index, a digitized and searchable database of over 64,000 burial records from the mid-1800s to 1999 for almost all of the Jewish Cemeteries in Southeastern Michigan. My dad cross-referenced, and within a week I knew that Yehuda was at rest at Workmen’s Circle, buried with his congregation in the Beth Schmuel section of the cemetery.

Dad casually mentioned that Yehuda had helped build, literally, Beth Schmuel. Founded in 1926, the congregation operated out of a rented hall for a few years before buying a house at Blaine and Twelfth from a bank for $2500 cash. Yehuda, a charter member of the congregation, helped convert the home into a synagogue, with apartments upstairs for the rabbi and his family. (More on the 40-year history of Beth Schmuel here. The congregation, which had grown wildly to a membership of more than 400 families, built a new synagogue at Dexter and Buena Vista in 1948, where they stayed until the congregation disbanded in 1959.)

Standing at Yehuda’s grave — lightning from a receding thunderstorm flickering in the sky — I felt an unusual chill. Readers of the blog will know that I’ve been visiting relative strangers at cemeteries since this project began. Why would Yehuda be different? He’s a relative. But a stranger. I know more about most of the dead people I’ve written about here than I know about him. If we were to meet, I’m not sure he’d feel much of a connection to me — an agnostic ethnic mutt, decidedly not Jewish (or anything else), a child of the comfortable suburbs.

But I am the daughter of his grandson. Our lives, and our experiences of the world, are completely removed from each other, but that fact remains.

It’s a funny feeling. Maybe that’s all there is to it.

In the Jewish tradition, I left a small stone on his grave marker. Like a hard, ancient, uncorruptable calling card:

Someone was here to see you.

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Just a quick news hit for you: France and Michigan, still crazy after all these years, have agreed to temporarily stop issuing each other papers over a 300-year-0ld Lake Michigan shipwreck that is, at this point, hypothetical.

Le Griffon made its maiden voyage on August 7, 1679, sailing from the Niagara River across Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. It was the first time a full-sized sailing ship cruised Great Lakes waters.

This was the ship from which Father Louis Hennepin regarded Detroit, writing:

… The strait is covered with forests, fruit trees like walnuts, chestnuts, plum and apple trees, wild vines loaded with grapes, of which we made some little wine. There is timber fit for building. It is the place in which deer most delight.

On its return trip, Rene La Salle’s huge brigantine left Green Bay piled with furs. Then it disappeared.

Historians, prospectors and wreck divers have been trying to find it ever since. Wreck divers of my acquaintance have described it as a kind of white whale.

Several years ago, one diver, Mr. Steven Libert of Virginia, claimed that he found it. That got France and the U.S. asking some tough questions. Michigan says it’s in our water, so it’s ours, fair game. France says La Salle sailed for the king, under the French flag, so they get it back. This kind of fighting, for more than six years, has prevented anyone from finding out whether or not this wreck is actually the Griffon and therefore actually worth fighting about.

But today, sweet history, today! Michigan and France struck a deal. Mr. Libert now has permission to go about activities like carbon dating, sonar scanning and looking for the insignia of Louis XIV on cannons.

Needless to say, your friends at the Night Train are very excited at the news of this development and will follow the story as it unfolds.

This could be a really big deal! I’ll throw a cocktail party if it’s the genuine article. You’re all invited.

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Summer of Stroh’s

People keep asking (OK, mostly just my dad) why I don’t do a nice story about the old Detroit beers. Goebel. Pfeiffer. And of course, Stroh’s.

It’s the summer of Stroh’s. We’ve been drinking a lot of it. I’ve been wondering, given my love for another German immigrant whose flagship beer is now an American blue-collar classic, if there might not be something to love in the biography of Bernhard Stroh and his family.

And you know, there probably is. But I haven’t found out yet.

Here’s what I did find out:

The lion on the Stroh’s label comes from Bernhard Stroh’s first American brewery, which he called the Lion Brewing Company. Back in Kirn, Germany, the Stroh family began brewing beer at their inn during the 18th century (hence “Since 1775″ on the label). Bernhard Stroh (so the story goes) saw lions everywhere; they were part of Kirn’s municipal crest:

So when Bernhard built his glamorous new brewery palace on Gratiot Avenue between Hastings and Rivard, he commissioned the up-and-coming sculptor Julius Theodore Melchers, also a German immigrant, to carve two 12-foot tall crouching lions to sit atop the building and keep watch.

Julius Melcher is famous for two things: his cigar-shop wooden Indian sculptures, like this one:

And his four sculptures of Detroit’s founding Frenchmen that once adorned Detroit’s Old City Hall. Now they’re on the Wayne State campus:

Here’s the best part: Julius Melcher’s daughter Hettie married Bernhard Stroh’s son Julius. And that’s how Julius Melcher became not only one of Detroit’s favorite sculptors, but also … Vice President of Stroh’s.

Moral of the story: Beer and art belong together. I wonder if those lions still exist somewhere.

***

In less trivial news, you’ve probably heard about the huge fire at the abandoned Eastown Theatre — and the emergency demolition notice posted in its wake. For more on Eastown we defer, as always, to Detroit’s hard-working champion of all things buildings, Dan Austin, of BuildingsofDetroit.com:

The Eastown opened in a largely residential area on Harper Avenue near Van Dyke at 6:30 p.m. Oct. 1, 1931, with the movie “Sporting Blood,” starring Clark Gable. Advertisements in newspapers at the time declared the theater’s opening as the “dawn of a new entertainment era” and invited Detroiters to “thrill to the glory of Detroit’s newest, finest Palace of Happiness.’” The ads also proclaimed the theater’s opening as “the most glorious event in the history of east Detroit.” Business owners and merchants in the neighborhood pitched in by decorating the surrounding streets for the grand opening.

… The building was constructed between 1926 and 1930 and featured a 6-foot-high lit dome in the auditorium with a gold-gilded ceiling. The lobby featured imported marble with a wide, elegant marble stairway flowing into the mezzanine. Like those theaters downtown, the Eastown featured office space and stores, but it also had 35 apartments. In addition, it had the grand Eastown Ballroom, with large arched windows, a band shell and an oak dance floor. Up to 300 people could dine there on fine linen and elegant china or attend weddings and banquets.

Read up on the whole history of the Eastown here, including its riotous days as a drug-addled rough-and-tumble rock palace. It’s excerpted from Dan’s book Lost Detroit: Stories Behind the Motor City’s Majestic Ruins, which hits shelves at an independent local bookstore near you on August 30. (Or just pre-order it now.) Sweetly and sadly, the Eastown graces its cover:

You can see the post-blaze devastation of the Eastown in this video from detroitfunk.com:

Detroit. Don’t let your babies grow up to be abandoned buildings.

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Meet this guy!

I love this guy. Mostly just his hair, but his bowtie is nice too. Oh, and also, his fiery and righteous indignation in re: slavery and the legacy of liberty left to all Americans by the framers of our founding documents.

Handsome Devil Kinsley Scott Bingham was born in New York in 1808. In 1833, his family moved to Michigan, where Kinsley started a law practice — pretty routine for soon-to-be politicians of the day. Head West, sit for the bar, open up shop. And that’s what Kinsley did. He held local offices in Livingston County (Postmaster! Justice of the Peace!) and was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 1837, as a Democrat.

Fast forward to July 6, 1854. Thousands of anti-slavery activists convene in Jackson, Michigan to mobilize opposition to slavery in the territories and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. The convention hall couldn’t accommodate the huge crowd of people, so the assembly was moved to a nearby oak grove.

Then, after some patriotic fanfare from the Jackson Brass Band, there was some good, old-fashioned speech-makin’.

Zachariah Chandler (former Mayor of Detroit!)’s speech especially moved some witnesses:

Misfortunes make strange bedfellows. I see before me Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers, all mingling together to rebuke a great National wrong. I was born a Whig. I have always lived a Whig, and I hope to die fighting for some of the good Whig doctrines. But I do not stand here as a Whig. I have laid aside party to rebuke treachery. In 1849, McClelland, Stuart, and Bingham stumped the State advocating the doctrine of the Wilmot Proviso and pledging their lives, property, and sacred honor in the maintenance of those doctrines, but not one of our representatives has ever been honest enough to carry them out, except Kinsley S. Bingham.

This speech is transcribed in William Stocking’s Under the Oaks: Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the Republican Party. Stocking writes of Chandler’s speech:

This reference to Mr. Bingham was received with thunders of applause, followed by three rousing cheers. It was taken as an indication that Mr. Chandler, one of the strongest of Whigs, was willing to support for Governor Mr. Bingham, an old Democrat and only recently training in Free Soil ranks.

By the way, please enjoy how awesome this cover of Under the Oaks is:

How many Michigan Republicans can YOU spot? Bonus points for finding the Detroiters!

Anyway. Lots of people consider that day in Jackson the true birthday of the Republican party. Others make a case for the schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin, where an informal county convention was held in March 1854. (My years as a resident of the Badger State led me to believe the latter, but this story sweeps me away so much that I’m ready to switch sides. I have no party. Like Zachariah Chandler, I just want to believe what’s right.)

Kinsley Bingham was elected Governor of Michigan that fall — making him one of the country’s very first Republican Governors. As Governor, he established the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan (which would later become — you know it — Michigan State University), a move that earned him the nickname “The Farmer-Governor.”

Kinsley Bingham’s Governorship ushered in nearly 25 years of Michigan Republican Governors, many of whom were also organizers or attendees of the oak grove convention.

After his second term, in 1859, voters sent Kinsley to Washington to serve in the Senate. In 1860, he campaigned for your friend and mine, Abraham Lincoln.

He’ s buried in Brighton. FIELD TRIP!

(We’re celebrating gubernatorial season with occasional profiles of intriguing Michigan governors. We already talked about William Woodbridge. We haven’t decided who we want to spend time with next, so if you have a favorite, let me know.)

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So we’re back from out East. We’ll get back to our regularly scheduled tales from Detroit’s history crypt, but today, will you indulge us as we share What We Did On Summer Vacation?

We flew into Baltimore, where I jumped into a waiting car that whisked me to the Delaware coast for a weekend of swimming in the ocean, drinking Dogfish Head and eating buckets of pungent Old Bay-encrusted crabs with friends from college. (The Fiancé, who dislikes beaches, went to D.C. for a few days.) We drove by a lot of lonely historical markers in Maryland’s farm country. I gazed longingly out the window at tiny, toppled churchyard burial grounds. At the beach house, I yammered about Antoine Cadillac, Alexander Hamilton and the War of 1812 until my friends all wandered away, probably to talk amongst themselves about Austrian School economics.

Then I got a ride to Philadelphia, reunited with my betrothed, and settled in for two and a half days of adventures. Really dweeby adventures.

It was my first trip to Philly, but I knew I would love it. Because I’m a lady who loves memorial statues, fusty old buildings, museums, cemeteries and the resting places of historical figures. Though there is much to love about Philadelphia besides those things, Philadelphia not only has those things in spades — it has some of the best of those things in America.

Philadelphia’s Olde City is, literally, an open-air museum. Operated by the National Parks Service, it’s a square mile or so packed with landmarks, historic homes and buildings, museums, gardens, statues of  famous or once-famous people, cobblestone carriage ways and interactive “living history” attractions, like the park rangers working the press in Ben Franklin’s former print shop, storyteller stations and more people in Revolutionary-era garb than you can shake a Patriot flag at.

I loved the Franklin Court museum, a delightfully ’70s-flavored underground hall of mirrors beneath the site of Ben Franklin’s former home. There’s a doll theater that plays a three-act show about Franklin’s role in the war for Independence and the framing of the Constitution. And there’s a bank of telephones where you can dial up famous people and they’ll tell you what they thought about the guy. Above ground, an open, life-sized frame shows you where the actual structure of the house used to stand, and paving stones are engraved with passages from letters to and from Ben and his wife Deborah.

At the portrait gallery at the Second Bank, we saw a few familiar faces, including Tadeusz Kosciuszko, disgraced General William Hull, who surrendered Detroit to the British during the War of 1812, and my own first love, Mad Anthony Wayne, who also turned up later in a relief on the goddamn jaw-dropping George Washington Memorial in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

We didn’t make it to the cemetery early enough to spend much time getting to know anyone, but we paid our respects to Mr. Franklin  and threw a coin on Dr. Benjamin Rush’s grave (why his tombstone was covered in quarters, while Ben’s is covered in pennies, is not a question I know how to answer).

A routine Google search indicates that Daniel Dupuy was a silversmith. I wish we’d had time to take the tour.

On a late night walk toward Center City through Society Hill, we found the illuminated church yard of Old St. Mary’s, where Commodore John Barry, father of the U.S. Navy, is at rest.

In Washington Square, where mass graves were filled with the bodies of fallen soldiers during the Revolutionary War, a Tomb of the Unknown Solider is illuminated by a blazing eternal flame. Above a statue of George Washington, an inscription reads: “Freedom is a light for which many have died in the dark.”

We paused in front of the tomb late at night, gazing into the fire. There’s a theme park quality to Philadelphia’s historic district that sometimes makes it hard to remember (or believe) that giant things really happened there. But the shadowy tomb in Washington Square reminded me of the very serious consequences of American history — consequences that have shot through time, clear through, to my very own, very real life in the world.

For a similar chill of the serious past, you may want to stop by the War of 1812 Dead marker the next time you find yourself on Washington Boulevard in Detroit. Naturally, in Philly, I idly wondered what an open-air history park in Detroit would feel and look like. Now firmly back at work in my daily life, I realize it would be close to impossible, with everything so spread out, so many buildings long gone, and a multitude of noisy freeways barreling over the pathways of our past.

But maybe once in a while we could haul out some of those classic early-model Fords and, you know, just kind of drive them around all day. In period costume. Add a few roaming characters — Who wants to play Father Richard? We need someone with a sword scar. I guess I’m describing Greenfield Village, but how great would it be to see right in the heart of the city?

Also, can we put up a few more statues? That would be terrific.

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The Night Train is on vacation until next Wednesday.

We may post a lazy update or two from the beach. We may send a postcard from some old cemetery in Philadelphia.

We may not.

We’ll miss you!

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I wish I could draw, JUST so I could draw this guy:

[He] was an eccentric individual, tall and thin, and an old-timer, inasmuch as he clung to knee breeches, ample coat skirts and waistcoat. He wore his hair long, brushed straight back from his head and tied in a queue.

Isaac Day held a number of jobs in early Detroit, including Master of the House of Corrections (strikes me as a pretty fancy name for an old stone blockhouse in a frontier town. Oh, and it doubled as the public weigh house, with Isaac Day its weighmaster), chimney sweep and auctioneer. But his final job was as the Crier for the Wayne County Court. He carried a big silver-headed cane and his primary job seems to have been yelling at people to be quiet. Contemporary accounts allude to his love of whiskey.

He died in 1835, which saddened the court so much that several members of the bar wrote pun-bedecked elegies to his memory. This one is my favorite, by Judge Charles Cleland:

Step light! The light of Day’s expired.
Silent is he who silence oft required.
That stentor’s voice and that majestic staff
That raised the bearer and suppressed the laugh
Are heard by Day no more — nor yet by night;
Yet when the evening came, Day still was bright.
But Day today no more shall utter speech,
Since Day’s in darkness far beyond our reach.
Alas! Our Day has gone! No ray of light
Bespeak the Day — no morning radiance bright
Shall ever restore to this dark court, its Day.
Darkly they are left to feel this crooked way
Since, as we are told, in Day’s report,
Day hath no more Day in court.
None cry for Day, who oft have cried
To please the court, when men were tried.
Yet now that Day’s eclipsed, we say,
Peace to his names! Poor Isaac Day.

The other poems are heavier on the he-was-such-a-drunk jokes, which just seem mean-spirited.

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Detroit turns 309

On July 23, 1701 — 48 days after leaving Montreal and nearly five months after Louis XIV granted Cadillac the power to establish a fort and a town at Detroit (depicted here, 1902 painting by Fernand LeQuesne) — Antoine De La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac came ashore, with 50 French soldiers and 50 French-Canadian voyageurs. The next day, he declared the settlement founded for the advancement of the glory of France.

Soon the great canoes were unloaded. Camp was struck in the woods on the bluff. The axes of 50 woodsmen rang through the forest stillness and the crash of falling trees scattered the wild animals.

So Detroit, City of Destiny, was born.

George Washington Stark

It was, wrote Clarence Burton, “a houseless city of a hundred souls.”

I know I said I was planning something really fun for today, and I’ll admit sheepishly, I had some big, fanciful plans crammed in between my big, stressful deadlines this week — plans that OF COURSE I couldn’t turn around, since they involved a flash mob at the Cadillac statue in Hart Plaza, some kind of parade, French-Canadian voyageur songs, my accordion, baguettes, culottes, rough-looking men in fur trader costumes, a ceremonial cannon shot across the straits, vintage Cadillac cars, and of course a grand entrance by wooden canoes. Followed by drinks. Anywhere.

This didn’t work out. For obvious reasons.  I was going to settle for a meet-up at the statue, a dramatic reading of Cadillac’s letter to France and maybe a processional to the bar, to the tune of some old coureurs de bois tunes. That didn’t work out either. Because I didn’t plan it. DAMMIT.

Anyway, a year from now, Detroit turns 310, and I hope that some of you will help me plan something grand to celebrate. If you are a rough-looking man, we’ll start looking for a fur trader costume for you. If you own a canoe, I will put you on the canoe-bringing list. If you know any coureurs de bois songs, we should hold a workshop.

And for God’s sake, if the French government can make William Cotter Maybury a chevalier, they can make anyone a chevalier. Here’s hoping that Detroit gets a new ceremonial chevalier every July 24 from now on.

***

This amazed me when I read it yesterday in The Historical Geography of Detroit, by Almon Ernest Parkins (1918). It’s something I sort of understood, but never as well as I do now:

Detroit was 53 years old when the British began their fort at Pittsburg … It was 95 years old when Moses Cleveland laid out the city that bears his name on Lake Erie. Detroit celebrated its centenary in the year that the Holland Land Company plotted the city of Buffalo at the mouth of Buffalo Creek. The first log cabin in Indianapolis was not erected until 118 years after the French began the city on the Straits. And Detroit had been making history 129 years when the Illinois Board of Land Commissioners surveyed the site of Chicago, the great metropolis of the interior.

“I am a warrior, not a writer,” Cadillac apparently said once. But he wrote anyway, and unless his translators have embellished his language over the past three centuries (entirely possible), he wrote well. I’ve shared this before, but it seems the proper occasion to share this, almost ritually, once more:

Its borders are so many vast prairies, and the freshness of the beautiful waters keeps the banks always green. The prairies are bordered by long and broad rows of fruit trees which have never felt the careful hand of the vigilant gardner. Here, also, orchards, young and old, soften and bend their branches, under the weight and quantity of their fruit, towards the mother earth, which has produced them. It is in this land, so fertile, that the ambitious vine, which has never wept under the knife of the vine-dresser, builds a thick roof with its large leaves and heavy clusters, weighing down the top of the tree which receives it, and often stifling it with its embrace.

Under these broad walks one sees assembled by hundreds the timid deer and faun, also the squirrel bounding in his eagerness to collect the apples and plums with which the earth is covered. Here the cautious turkey calls her numerous brood to gather the grapes, and here also their mates come to fill their large and gluttonous crops. Golden pheasants, the quail, the partridge, woodcock and numerous doves swarm in the woods and cover the country, which is dotted and broken with thickets and high forests of full-grown trees, forming a charming perspective, which sweetens the sad lonesomeness of the solitude. The hand of the pitiless reaper has never mown the luxurious grass upon which fatten woolly buffaloes, of magnificent size and proportion.

… If the situation is agreeable, it is none the less important because it opens and closes the door of passage to the most distant nations which are situated upon the borders of the vast seas of sweet water. None but the enemies of truth could be enemies to this establishment so necessary to increase the glory of the king.

I thought about Cadillac today when I was driving home through Southfield.  Baby, look at you now.

Vive le Chevalier. Bon anniversare, le Detroit. I wish I could speak French to tell you how much I love you.

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Dear readers:

I am crushed under a couple of major deadlines this week! But here’s this.

http://dlxs.lib.wayne.edu/cgi/i/image/getimage-idx?viewid=35332;cc=vmc;entryid=x-35332;quality=mid;view=image

[from Virtual Motor City]

You’re welcome.

Your friend,

The Night Train

P.S. We’ll be back with something fun on Friday. Really fun. Maybe not as fun as an elephant at the beach though.

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